How does salinity in groundwater affect its usability?

High salinity in groundwater significantly impacts its usability, particularly for irrigation and drinking purposes. When the salinity levels are elevated, the concentration of salts can lead to various adverse effects on plant growth and soil health. For irrigation, high salinity water can cause osmotic stress in plants, making it difficult for them to absorb water, which can lead to reduced crop yields or crop failure. Additionally, salinity can cause soil degradation, where the accumulation of salts can adversely affect soil structure and fertility.

For drinking purposes, high salinity can render water unsuitable due to health concerns and taste issues. High concentrations of certain salts, such as sodium and chloride, can be harmful to human health, particularly for individuals with specific health conditions. People may find the taste of saline water unpleasant, further discouraging its use as a potable water source.

This understanding of salinity's impact helps delineate why it is crucial to monitor and manage groundwater salinity, ensuring that water resources remain viable for agricultural, domestic, and overall environmental health.