What type of contaminants can affect human health via groundwater?

The selection of microorganisms, heavy metals, and chemical compounds as contaminants that can affect human health via groundwater is accurate because these substances can significantly impact water quality and, consequently, public health.

Microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, can enter groundwater supplies through various means, including septic systems and agricultural runoff. When humans consume contaminated water, these pathogens can lead to severe illnesses, especially gastrointestinal diseases.

Heavy metals like lead, arsenic, and mercury can leach into groundwater from industrial processes, mining, and certain natural occurrences. These metals are toxic, and even low concentrations can pose health risks, including neurological and developmental effects, especially in vulnerable populations like children.

Chemical compounds, which encompass a broad range of substances such as pesticides, fertilizers, and industrial chemicals, can also infiltrate groundwater. Substances like nitrates commonly enter groundwater from agricultural runoff and can lead to serious health issues, including methemoglobinemia, or "blue baby syndrome," in infants.

In contrast, the other options either refer to contaminants that do not generally pose a direct risk to human health, like natural minerals, or mention gases that do not typically affect groundwater quality directly, such as ozone and nitrogen gas. Thus, focusing on the