Which type of well is specifically designed for measuring water levels without pumping?

The correct answer is a piezometer. A piezometer is a specialized type of well used predominantly for measuring the hydraulic head or pressure of groundwater without extracting any water, which is essential for understanding the aquifer's behavior and water levels in various geological settings. Piezometers are typically slender, shallow, and constructed to prevent water from flowing, allowing for accurate measurement of groundwater levels.

Monitoring wells also measure water levels but may be designed for more extensive purposes, including tracking groundwater contamination over time or changes in water quality that often involve the potential for intermittent pumping. On the other hand, municipal wells and production wells are primarily intended for extracting water for public supply or agricultural use, respectively, rather than solely for measuring water levels. These wells are generally larger and more expansive, dedicated to supplying water rather than assessment.

In summary, the focus of a piezometer on measuring water levels without any form of water extraction highlights its unique role compared to other well types.